Q&A: IP Address

Question 10:

the choices below, which address represents a unicast address.
A. 224.1.5.2
B. FFFF. FFFF. FFFF.
C. 192.168.24.59/30
D. 255.255.255.255
E. 172.31.128.255/18


Answer: E
Explanation:
172.31.128.255 is the only unicast address. It seems to be a broadcast address, because of
255 in the last octet, the broadcast address for this network is 172.31.131.255.
Incorrect Answers:
A: 224.1.5.2 is a multicast address.
B: This is a broadcast layer 2 (data link) address.
C: Using a /30 for the subnet mask, this IP address becomes the broadcast address.
D. This is a broadcast IP address.


QUESTION 11:

With regard to bridges and switches, which of the following statements are true.
(Choose three.)
A. Switches are primarily software based while bridges are hardware based.
B. Both bridges and switches forward Layer 2 broadcasts.
C. Bridges are frequently faster than switches.
D. Switches typically have a higher number of ports than bridges.
E. Bridges define broadcast domain while switches define collision domains.
F. Both bridges and switches make forwarding decisions based on Layer 2 addresses.


Answer: B, E, F
Explanation:
B, F: Both are layer 2 (data link) devices designed to forward layer 2 broadcasts and
multicast addresses.
E: All hosts within a bridged network comprise a single broadcast domain, while
switches can be used to segment LANs into separate collision domains. Switches are
VLAN-capable while bridges are typically not capable of this.

Q&A: CCNA LAN

QUESTION 9:

The Certkiller network is displayed in the diagram below:

Referring to the devices shown above, which statements are true in this scenario.
(Select two)
A. All the devices in both networks will receive a broadcast to 255.255.255.255 sent by
host Certkiller A.
B. Only the devices in network 192.168.1.0 will recive a broadcast to 255.255.255.255
sent by host Certkiller A.
C. All the devices on both networks are members of the same collision domain.
D. The hosts on the 192.168.1.0 network form one collision domain, and the hosts on the
192.168.2.0 network form a second collision domain.
E. Each host is in a separate collision domain.

Answer: B, E
Explanation:
Since the devices shown in the diagram are switches, B is in fact correct. D is not correct.
If the diagram used hubs and not switches then yes, there would only be two collision
domains, but the diagram has switches. The author may have intended to state broadcast
domains which would have been correct as well.
Answer E is also correct, since the network is comprised of switches each host will be in
a separate collision domain

QUESTION 8:
The Certkiller network is displayed in the following diagram:

Based on the diagram shown above, which of the devices shown can transmit
simultaneously without causing collisions.
A. All hosts
B. Only hosts attached to the switch
C. All hosts attached to the hub and one host attached to the switch
D. All hosts attached to the switch and one host attached to the hub

Answer: B
Explanation:
As we know switch is the device which avoids collisions. When two computers
communicate through a switch they make their own collision domain. So, there is no
chance of collisions. Whenever a hub is included, it supports on half duplex
communication and works on the phenomena of CSMA/CD so, there is always a chance
of collision.

Q&A: LAN

QUESTION 4:

The Certkiller corporate LAN consists of one large flat network. You decide to
segment this LAN into two separate networks with a router. What will be the affect
of this change.
A. The number of broadcast domains will be decreased.
B. It will make the broadcasting of traffic between domains more efficient between
segments.
C. It will increase the number of collisions.
D. It will prevent segment 1's broadcasts from getting to segment 2.
E. It will connect segment 1's broadcasts to segment 2.


Answer: D
Explanation
A router does not forward broadcast traffic. It therefore breaks up a broadcast domain,
reducing unnecessary network traffic. Broadcasts from one segment will not be seen on
the other segment.
Incorrect Answers:
A. This will actually increase the number of broadcast domains from one to two.
B. All link level traffic from segment one to segment two will now need to be routed
between the two interfaces of the router. Although this will reduce the traffic on the LAN
links, it does also provide a less efficient transport between the segments.
C. Since the network size is effectively cut into half, the number of collisions should
decrease dramatically.
E. Broadcasts from one segment will be completely hidden from the other segment.


QUESTION 5:

Which of the following are benefits of segmenting a network with a router. (Select
all that apply)
A. Broadcasts are not forwarded across the router.
B. All broadcasts are completely eliminated.
C. Adding a router to the network decreases latency.
D. Filtering can occur based on Layer 3 information.
E. Routers are more efficient than switches and will process the data more quickly.
F. None of the above.

Answer: A, D
Explanation
Routers do not forward broadcast messages and therefore breaks up a broadcast domain.
In addition, routers can be used to filter network information with the use of access lists.
Incorrect Answers:
B. Broadcasts will still be present on the LAN segments. They will be reduced, because
routers will block broadcasts from one network to the other.
C. Adding routers, or hops, to any network will actually increase the latency.
E. The switching process is faster than the routing process. Since routers must do a layer
3 destination based lookup in order to reach destinations, they will process data more
slowly than switches.

CCNA Q & A: IP Adderss/Subnetting

Using a subnet mask of 255.255.255.224, which of the IP addresses below can you
assign to the hosts on this subnet. (Select all that apply)
A. 16.23.118.63
B. 87.45.16.159
C. 92.11.178.93
D. 134.178.18.56
E. 192.168.16.87
F. 217.168.166.192



Answer: C, D, E

Explanation:
Since the subnet mask is 255.255.255.224, the number of network hosts that is available
is 30. Every network boundary will be a multiple of 32. This means that every subnet
will be a multiple (0, 32, 64, 96, 128, 160, 192, 224) and the broadcast address for each
of these subnets will be one less this number (31, 63, 95, 127, 159, 191, 223). Therefore,
any IP address that does not end in one of these numbers will be a valid host IP address.
C. Valid Host in subnetwork 2 (92.11.178.64 to 92.11.178.95)
D. Valid Host in subnetwork 1 (134.178.18.32 to 134.178.18.63)
E. Valid Host in subnetwork 2 (192.168.16.64 to 192.168.16.95)
Incorrect Answers:

A. This will be the broadcast address for the 16.23.118.32/27 network.
B. This will be the broadcast address for the 87.45.16.128/27 network
F. This will be the network address for the 217.168.166.192/27 network

Cisco CCNA Exam track

With the latest version of the CCNA exam, Cisco offers two possible exam track options of either one or two exams.

1) The Single Exam
Approach

• Exam Number: 640-801 CCNA
  
• The exam consists of 55-65 questions over 90 minutes and covers all CCNA exam topics


• The topics covered on the exam include:




• Planning and Designing


• Implementation and Operation


• Troubleshooting


• Technology

2) The Two Exam Approach

• Exam Numbers: 640-821
  and 640-811


• The two exam approach consists of 640-821 exam (Introduction to Cisco Networking Technologies, or CCNA
  INTRO) and 640-811 (Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, or CCNA ICND)


• 640-821 CCNA consists of 45-55 questions over 75 minutes and covers the topics:




• Planning and Designing


• Implementation and
  Operation


• Troubleshooting


• Technology ·




• 640-811 CCNA consists of 40-50 questions over 60 minutes and covers the topics:




• Design and Support


• Implementation and Operation


• Technology

Either approach will allow you to successfully become a CCNA after passing the required exams. There are advantages to taking either of the exam tracks and these include:

Single Exam Approach (640-801 CCNA) Advantages:

• Only one exam required to become a CCNA and it covers all topics


• More time efficient than taking
  two exams


• More cost effective than taking two exams. Exam cost when taking this approach is $125.00 US versus
  $200.00 US for the Two Exam approach.

Who Should Take The Single Exam Approach?

Take the Single Exam Approach to the CCNA if: ·

• You cannot afford the expenses of the two exam approach


• You are looking to reduce the
  time spent obtaining the CCNA


• If you are well prepared for
  the exam topics on the CCNA exam than the single exam approach is the way to go. This approach is generally recommended for more experienced candidates such as those who have experience with networking technologies.

Two Exam Approach (CCNA ICND & CCNA INTRO) Advantages:

• Exam is broken up into 2
  smaller sections of CCNA exam topics


• Allows more time to learn and understand topics of each exam


• Excellent for candidates new to Cisco technology

Who Should Take The Two Exam Approach?

Take the Two Exam Approach to the CCNA if: ·

• You can afford the expenses
  associated with the cost of the two exams


• You are new to Cisco technologies and networking basics

You will be successful following either approach if:

• You have a complete
  understanding of all CCNA exam topics


• Have experience with router
  configuration/simulation


• Have completed numerous
  configuration examples and questions on CCNA topics

The CCNA exam is the precursor to other higher level Cisco
certifications. Successfully completing the CCNA exam will allow a candidate to
pursue other Cisco certifications such as:

• CCNP (Cisco Certified Network
  Professional)


• CCSP (Cisco Certified Security
  Professional)


• CCIE (Cisco Certified
  Internetworking Expert)

CCNA Exam tips

All You Need To Know About
Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

• Relax before exam: In order to avoid last minute stress, make sure that you arrive 10 to 15 minutes early and relax before exam.
  
• Familiarize yourself with exam: Before taking the CCNA exam, you are given an option of to familiarize yourself with the way the exam
  is carried out (the exam interface). You must make sure to take advantage
  of this.


• Time Management Tips:




• Manage Time Spent On Each
  Question: The
  duration for the exam is 90 minutes. You must determine how much time you will spend on each question. While determining this take into consideration that simulations take more time to answer. Also keep in mind that some other questions are weighed more heavily and may take more time to answer (e.g. difficult subnetting problems).


• Be Sure Of Exam Interface: Clear your doubts, in case if you have any, regarding the rules for the CCNA exam or using the testing computer/software with the supervisor after he sets up your machine and before you start the exam. Remember that the exam is timed and you may loose your valuable test time for such questions, which you could have
  asked earlier.


• Jot Down Important Points Before Exam: Before you start the exam, ask for scratch paper and
  jot down points that you may require to recall when taking your exam.
  This is always allowed and proves to be very helpful while taking the
  exam. These may include:




• OSI Model layers


• Access lists


• Important tables such as
  powers of 2 (2^1 = 2; 2^2 = 4…2^8 = 256)


• Class A,B,C address range and properties e.g.
  
  Class A: Denoted by network.host.host.host; first octet is between 1 to 126;


• Important formulae such as 2^x-2 gives the number of hosts per subnet where x is the number of "off" bits in the subnet mask


• Binary to decimal conversion table & tips

• All Answers Are Final: Remember that you cannot return to a question once you have answered it. So, be very careful while answering to the questions and don’t rush as it might cost you valuable marks.
• Don’t Panic. There Is No Negative Marking:
  Although the exam software does not allow you to review questions you’ve answered, there is no negative marks for a wrong answer. The CCNA exam does not penalize you for wrong answer, so never leave any question unanswered. If you are not able to find out the correct answers to some questions, eliminate the possible answers that cannot be correct and narrow down your guess.

CCNA Exam Topics

Topics On The TestList of recommended topics is given below. Please note that related topics not listed below may also be asked on the exam.

Planning & Designing:

• Design a simple LAN using Cisco Technology
• Design an IP addressing scheme to meet design requirements
• Select an appropriate routing protocol based on user requirements
• Design a simple internetwork using Cisco technology
• Develop an access list to meet user specifications
• Choose WAN services to meet customer requirements

Implementation & Operation:

• Configure routing protocols given user requirements
• Configure IP addresses, subnet masks, and gateway addresses on routers and hosts
• Configure a router for additional administrative functionality
• Configure a switch with VLANS and inter-switch communication

Implement a LAN:

• Customize a switch configuration to meet specified network requirements
• Manage system image and device configuration files
• Perform an initial configuration on a router
• Perform an initial configuration on a switch
• Implement access lists
• Implement simple WAN protocols

Troubleshooting:

• Utilize the OSI model as a guide for systematic network troubleshooting
• Perform LAN and VLAN troubleshooting
• Troubleshoot routing protocols
• Troubleshoot IP addressing and host configuration
• Troubleshoot a device as part of a working network
• Troubleshoot an access list
• Perform simple WAN troubleshooting

Technology:

• Describe network communications using layered models
  Describe the Spanning Tree process
  Compare and contrast key characteristics of LAN environments
  Evaluate the characteristics of routing protocols
  Evaluate TCP/IP communication process and its associated protocols
  Describe the components of network devices
  Evaluate rules for packet control
  Evaluate key characteristics of WANs
  

Review Of CCNA 640-801 Exam Specifics:

Pre Requisites: The CCNA exam has no pre requisites.
Time Allotted: 90 minutes
Total marks: The exam is marked from 300 to 1000.
Minimum marks is 300.
Passing Grade: Cisco revises the ccna passing score periodically.
Last known pass mark is 849/1000.
Score Report: Delivered immediate on test completion.
Certification validation period: 3 years
Number of Questions: Not fixed. In general the questions range from 55 to 65 in number.
Exam Pattern: The pattern may vary from exam to exam, depending on how many questions are there to be answered. The question types found on the CCNA exam are:

Multiple Choice with Single answer: Student is required to select a single answer from a range of options (generally 4-5) by clicking on a radio button.

Multiple Choice with Multiple answer: Student is required to select a range of options. The number of options to select is specified. The selection is made by clicking on a checkbox. A “v” appears against selected checkboxes.

Drag And Drop: These questions are graphical in nature. Student is required to drag options to different drop areas.

Fill in the Blank: Student is required to type in the missing text to complete the sentence.

Router Simulation: Router simulation questions test knowledge of Cisco IOS in simulated environment.
All of Cisco IOS commands are not supported by the simulator, however the task can be performed with the available commands in the simulator. Do note that the exam engine may be slow when switching between the simulator-based questions and the standard multiple-choice questions.

What is CCNA Certification

The CCNA certification equips you with networking skills to design, plan, install, configure and operate small to medium size computer networks. CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists.
Cisco CCNA certification has grown significantly in popularity over the last few years. It is a worthwhile addition to the resume of any networking professional.

CCNA Exam Tracks
There are two tracks that can be followed in achieving the CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification.
Track 1: Single Exam Path
Passing the 640-801 CCNA exam.

Track 2: Dual Exam Path
Passing the 640-821 INTRO exam and 640-811 ICND exam

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